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This web page links you to web and print resources related to topics found in the book 1984. If you need more information contact a librarian - TEL: (509) 533-3834 EMAIL: refdesk@spokanefalls.edu CHAT: 24/7 Reference This site rated Doubleplusgood by Minitrue |
About 1984 |
Media - Control & Content | ||
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About 1984 "If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever" - p. 277 Reviews of Animal Farm and 1984 from the 1940's from the Guardian http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,980573,00.html George Orwell and the Last Man in Europe http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture13.html Orwell and Me by Margaret Atwood http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,978474,00.html The Hell of 1984 http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/hell1984.htm Bye-Bye Big Brother http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/bybybb.htm George Orwell and the Big Cannibal Critics http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/ctc/docs/cancrtcs.htm How Big Brothers Used Orwell to Fight the Cold War http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/classics/story/0,6000,338261,00.html Nineteen Eighty-Four: Past, Present and Future RESERVES 823.912 R273n Twentieth Century Interpretations of 1984: A Collection of Critical Essays RESERVES 823.912 H998T
About George Orwell
Short Biographies A Chronology of His Life http://pages.citenet.net/users/charles/col-04.html George Orwell: A Voice of a Long Generation (BBC) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/art/orwell_01.shtml An Interview with Christopher Hitchens http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/talkshow/features/christopher-hitchens-transcript.shtml Orwell's FBI Files http://foia.fbi.gov/orwell/orwell1.pdf Did Love Turn Orwell into a Government Stooge? http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,982198,00.html Orwell's Old News is Still News http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/columnist/0,1886,145-195974,00.html Making Political Writing into an Art http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/whyiwrite.html "Such, Such Were the Joys" by George Orwell (on his early school days) http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/suchjoys.html "Why I Write" by George Orwell http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/whyiwrite.html Online Essays about Orwell and Things Orwellian http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/themes.htm A Short Biography under "Eric Blair" in Contemporary Authors Vol. 132 REFERENCE 920.C767 Crystal Spirit: A Study of George Orwell RESERVES 823.91208 OR9W George Orwell: Fugitive from the Camp of Victory RESERVES 828.912 OR9 George Orwell, the Critical Heritage RESERVES 828.91208 OR9M Outside the Whale: George Orwell's Art and Politics RESERVES 828.912 OR9k Paradox of George Orwell RESERVES 928.2 OR9 Road to Miniluv: George Orwell, the State and God RESERVES 828.912 SM18R
Orwell's Other Works A List of Many of His Writings Available Online http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/index.html "You and the Atomic Bomb" http://www.blancmange.net/tmh/articles/abombs.html Orwell and Me by Margaret Atwood http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,978474,00.html Not All Books are Created Equal: Orwell and His Animals at Fifty http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/notalbks.htm Online Essays about Orwell and Things Orwellian http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/themes.htm Animal Farm FICTION - ORWELL and RESERVES FICTION - Orwell Down and Out in Paris and London RESERVES 914.4361 ORWELL Essays by George Orwell RESERVES 824.912 ORWELL Homage to Catalonia 946.081 OR9H and SCC 946.081 OR9H The Road to Wigan Pier RESERVES 305.562 ORWELL
Utopias & Dystopias A Select List of Utopias and Dystopias in Literature http://mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11090/305/Accessories/utopiasdystopias.htm A List of Literary and Cinematic Dystopias http://hem.passagen.se/replikant/dystopia_list.htm The Virtual Community by Howard Rheingold (a look at utopian online communities) http://www.well.com/user/hlr/vcbook/index.html Socialism: Utopian and Scientific by Frederick Engels (Long) http://csf.colorado.edu/psn/marx/Archive/1880-SUS/sus1.html A New View of Society, or, Essays on the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character, and the Application of the Principle to Practice by Robert Owen - 1813 -1816 (Long) http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/%7Eecon/ugcm/3ll3/owen/newview.txt Utopia as Mirror for a Life and Times (Long) http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/iemls/conf/texts/marius.html The Rain-Atlantis Project: Studies in Utopian and Peaceful Societies http://www.rain.org/utopia1.html Utopos Discovered (a Utopian Newsletter) http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/Dept/EN/Utopus/links.html A Philosophical Exploration of Utopia http://hometown.aol.com/DrHumph/index.html Brave New World: History, Science and Dystopia RESERVES 823.812 BAKER Examples of other literary dystopias: Blade Runner (Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep) by Philip K. Dick SCC 813.54 DICK 1982 Brave New World by Aldous Huxley FICTION - Huxley Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler FICTION - KOESTLER Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury RESERVES FICTION - BRADBURY Fahrenheit 451 (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - FAHRENH The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood SCC 813.54 ATWOOD The Land of Green Plums by Herta Moller RESERVES Fiction - MULLER The Lord of the Flies by William Golding FICTION - GOLDING The Lord of the Flies (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - LORD OF Metropolis (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - METROPOLIS and Media Services (Library Use Only) MV 1845 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn RESERVES FICTION - SOLZHENITSYN
Rights & Liberties "Who controls the past", ran the Party slogan, "controls the future: who controls the present controls the past" - p. 35 The Constitution of the United States http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.overview.html The Constitution of the United States with Some Notes http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html The Bill of Rights - A Brief History http://archive.aclu.org/library/pbp9.html The Human Rights Library http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/ United Nations Agreements on Human Rights http://www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html The Center for Democracy and Technology http://www.cdt.org/ The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/ Privacy International http://www.privacy.org/pi/ Privacy Rights Clearinghouse http://www.privacyrights.org/ Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction RESERVES 342.73085 Amer In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU SCC 323.0973 W1541 One Hundred Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature RESERVES 363.31 KAROLID Secret Trials and Executions: Military Tribunals and the Threat to Democracy RESERVES 341.69 OLSHANS Silencing Political Dissent: How Post September 11 Anti-Terrorism Measures Threaten our Civil Liberties RESERVES 323.0973 CHANG Terrorism and the Constitution: Sacrificing Civil Liberties in the Name of National Security RESERVES 363.32 DEMPSEY The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in the Age of Terrorism RESERVES 323.0973 WAR ON
Media - Control & Content " The invention of print, however, made it easier to manipulate public opinion, and the film and the radio carried the process further. With the development of television, and the technical advance which made it possible to receive and transmit simultaneously on the same instrument, private life came to an end". - p. 211 Control - Corporate Influence in the Media http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Corporations/Owners.asp Congress Can No Longer Ignore Corporate Control of the Media http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0615-03.htm Will Big Media Choke the Net? http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,111154,00.asp A List of Articles about Media Consolidation http://dmoz.org/News/Current_Events/Business_and_Economy/Mergers_and_Monopolies/Media_Consolidation/Analysis_and_Opinion/ Coercion: Why We Listen to What They Say RESERVES 302.23 RUSHKOF Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality RESERVES 302.23 WEIMANN Invisible Crisis: What Conglomerate Control of Media Means for America and the World RESERVES 302.23 INVISIB Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media RESERVES 302.234 HERMAN 2002 Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda RESERVES 320.14 CHOMSKY Megamedia: How Giant Corporations Dominate Mass Media, Distort Competition, and Endanger Democracy RESERVES 338.8261 ALGER Screened Out: How the Media Control Us and What We Can Do About It RESERVES 302.23 JOHNSTON Content - Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting http://www.fair.org/index.htm Institute for Public Accuracy http://www.accuracy.org/ Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html The Memory Hole (definitely interesting, but accurate?) http://www.thememoryhole.org/ Reinventing History: Soviet Era Photographic Purges Sought to Manipulate the Past http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/reinven1.html
Language "Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in ones' mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them." - p. 220 "Politics and the English Language" by George Orwell http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm A Newspeak Dictionary http://www.newspeakdictionary.com/ns-dict.html "The Inner Party Observer" (read some fictitious news articles written in Newspeak) http://hem.passagen.se/replikant/ingsoc_propaganda.htm Google News "translated" into Newspeak (for fun) http://dream.sims.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/calvins/goodspeak.py Tongue of Newt: the Political Power of Language http://reason.com/9902/co.jp.the.shtml Language - A Key Mechanism of Control http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~breslin/texts/gingrich_GOPAC.html Language Barriers: Are Universities Becoming Factories of Jargon and Illiteracy? http://www.spectator.co.uk/article.php3?table=old§ion=back&issue=2003-07-05&id=3194&searchText=
Sensitive Language http://www.randomhouse.com/words/language/avoid_guide.html Universalism, Justice, and Identity Politics: From Political Correctness to Constitutional Law (Long Article) http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/identity.htm A List of Modern Political Words - " Doublespeak" http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Doublespeak Collateral Language: A Users Guide to America's New War 973.931 COLLATE
Parallels to Today "It does not matter whether the war is actually happening, and, since no decisive victory is possible, it does not matter whether the war is going well or badly. All that is needed is that a state of war should exist. The splitting of the intelligence which the Party requires of its members, and which is more easily achieved in an atmosphere of war, is now almost universal, but the higher up the ranks one goes, the more marked it becomes". - p. 197 Orwell Was Wrong, but on the Right Track http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?storyID=3508755&thesection=news&thesubsection=dialogue Learning to Love Big Brother: George W. Bush Channels George Orwell http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/07/28/IN244190.DTL
White House Covers Tracks by Removing Information A List of Modern Political Words - " Doublespeak" http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Doublespeak Secret Trials and Executions: Military Tribunals and the Threat to Democracy RESERVES 341.69 OLSHANS Silencing Political Dissent: How Post September 11 Anti-Terrorism Measures Threaten our Civil Liberties RESERVES 323.0973 CHANG Privacy and Surveillance - Privacy and Technology http://www.aclu.org/Privacy/PrivacyMain.cfm Government Surveillance http://www.cdt.org/wiretap/ Security and Privacy: Response to September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks http://www.cdt.org/security/010911response.shtml Bigger Monster Weaker Chains: The Growth of the American Surveillance Society http://www.aclu.org/Privacy/Privacy.cfm?ID=11573&c=39 The State of Civil Liberties One Year Later: Erosion of Civil Liberties in the Post 9/11 Era http://www.ccr-ny.org/v2/reports/docs/Civil_Liberities.pdf Extent of UK Snooping Revealed http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3030851.stm EFF Analysis of the Provisions of the Patriot Act That Relate to Online Activities http://www.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/Terrorism_militias/20011031_eff_usa_patriot_analysis.php Pentagon to Track American Consumer Purchases http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,70992,00.html Wireless Cameras Raise Privacy Fears http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993725 A Spy Machine of DARPA's Dreams http://www.wired.com/news/business/0%2C1367%2C58909%2C00.html Public Video Surveillance: Is it an Effective Crime Prevention Tool? http://www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/ Patriot Act I (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=12126&c=207 An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=11835&c=206 An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/patriot2.html Database Nation: The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century RESERVES 323.448 GARFINK The Electronic Privacy Papers: Documents on the Battle for Privacy in the Age of Surveillance RESERVES 323.448 ELECTRO The Limits of Privacy RESERVES 323.448 ETIZIONI Thought Crimes - Britons Face Extradition for "Thought Crime" on the Net http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/02/18/nxeno18.xml&sSheet=/news/2003/02/18/ixnewstop.html Internet Hate Speech Ban Called Chilling http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,107499,00.asp War on Terror - The Disinformation Campaign: Western Media Follow a Depressingly Familiar Formula When it Comes to a National Conflict http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4270014,00.html Line up, Shut up, and Pay the Bills: The Role of Citizens in Perpetual Wartime? http://www.tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/6597 Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html Homeland Security Actions http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/ Ashcroft Calls Patriot Act "Key Weapon" on Fighting Terrorism http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/texts/03060500.htm Patriot Act I (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=12126&c=207 An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=11835&c=206 An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/patriot2.html The "Perpetual War Portfolio" (Thought Provoking) http://www.rationalenquirer.org/features/portfolio// The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in the Age of Terrorism RESERVES 323.0973 WAR ON
Propaganda " History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right. I know, of course, that he past is falsified, but it would never be possible for me to prove it, even when I did the falsification myself". - p. 158 Propaganda - a Good General Overview http://www.propagandacritic.com/ War, Propaganda and the Media http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Military.asp Disinfopedia: The Encyclopedia of Propaganda http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml Institute for Public Accuracy http://www.accuracy.org/ FAIR: Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting http://www.fair.org/ How Big Brothers Used Orwell to Fight the Cold War http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/classics/story/0,6000,338261,00.html Propaganda Postcards from the Great War http://www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com/ U.S. Posters from World War II http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/ Nazi and East German Propaganda http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ Reinventing History: Soviet-Era Photographic Purges Sought to Manipulate the Past http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/reinven1.html The Soviet Propaganda Machine (PBS) http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/prop/
Several Links to Soviet Posters http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/lirsk/plakate.htm http://www.funet.fi/pub/culture/russian/html_pages/posters1.html http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.html http://www.internationalposter.com/ru-text.cfm Cuban Posters http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/cubintro.html
Chinese Posters http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/ Propaganda Gallery (Short Video Clips) http://carmen.artsci.washington.edu/propaganda/video/index.html The Disinformation Campaign: Western Media Follow a Depressingly Familiar Formula When it Comes to a National Conflict http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4270014,00.html Propaganda, American Style by Noam Chomsky http://www.zpub.com/un/chomsky.html Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html Apparatus of Lies: Saddam's Disinformation and Propaganda 1990 - 2003 http://www.whitehouse.gov/ogc/apparatus/ U.S. Central Command Press Releases http://www.centcom.mil/ U.S. Military Leaflets from the Second Gulf War http://www.centcom.mil/galleries/leaflets/showleaflets.asp Propaganda Remix Project (Plus ça change...) http://homepage.mac.com/leperous/PhotoAlbum1.html Coercion: Why We Listen to What They Say RESERVES 302.23 RUSHKOF Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality RESERVES 302.23 WEIMANN The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in Stalin's Russia RESERVES 303.376 KING Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda RESERVES 303.375 CHOMSKY Literature and Propaganda SCC 801 FOULKES 1983 Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda RESERVES 320.14 CHOMSKY Propaganda and Persuasion RESERVES 303.375 J833p
Political "ISMs" " In a way, the world-view of the Party imposed itself most successfully on people incapable of understanding it. They could be made to accept the most flagrant violations of reality, because they never fully grasped the enormity of what was demanded of them, and were not sufficiently interested in public events to notice what was happening. By lack of understanding they remained sane" - p. 159 Fascism - Definition of Fascism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism Fascism in Europe http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook42.html What is Fascism? by Benito Mussolini http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html Italian Life Under Fascism http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/dpf/Fascism/ Fascism in Italy http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/fascism/fascihtm.htm Fascism: Pat, Present, Future RESERVES 320.533 LAQUER History of Fascism, 1914 - 1945 SCC 320.533 PAYNE The Place of Fascism in European History 320.523 Ae52p Communism - Definition of Communism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism Manifesto of the Communist Party http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm Marxist Internet Archive http://www.marxists.org/ The Communist Party of the USA http://www.cpusa.org/ The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression RESERVES 320.532 BLACKB Harold J. Laski on the Communist Manifesto: An Introduction together with the Original Text and Prefaces RESERVES 335.42 L335 God that Failed RESERVES 320.5322 GODTHA Totalitarianism - Introduction to Totalitarianism http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv4-54
Definitions of Totalitarianism http://www.bartleby.com/65/to/totalita.html Characteristics of Totalitarianism http://plato.newarka.edu/~labbey/ap_total_charac.html The Age of Totalitarianism: Stalin and Hitler http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture10.html Totalitarianism: the Inversion of Politics (a Discussion of Hannah Arendt's "The Origins of Totalitarianism") http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/arendthtml/essayb1.html Escape from Freedom RESERVES 323.4 F927ES Socialism - Definition of Socialism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism History and Theories of Socialism http://business.baylor.edu/Steve_Gardner/CESCH04.HTM Socialism http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook33.html The People Behind the Various Socialist Movements http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/socialism.htm Why Socialism? by Albert Einstein http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm World Socialist Movement http://www.worldsocialism.org/ The Socialist Party of Great Britain http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/ Socialist Party of the USA http://sp-usa.org/ Market Socialism: The Current Debate 338.9 MARKET On Socialism by John Stuart Mill SCC 335.1 MILL 1987 Capitalism -
Definitions of Capitalism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism The Rise of Capitalism http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/capitalism.html History and Theories of Capitalism http://business.baylor.edu/Steve_Gardner/CESCH03.HTM The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/WEALTH1.HTM Capitalism RESERVES 330.122 Se48c Inequalities in the Global Village: Recycled Rhetoric and Disposable People 339.2 BLACK Introduction to the Market System SCC 330.122 GOLDBER 2000
"The terrible thing that the Party had done was to persuade you that mere impulses, mere feelings, were of no account, while at the same time robbing you of all power over the material world. When once you were in the grip of the Party, what you felt or did not feel, what you did or refrained from doing, made literally no difference. Whatever happened you vanished, and neither you nor your actions were ever heard of again." - p. 168 All quotes from 1984 by George Orwell, Plume - Harcourt Brace, 2003. ISBN 0452284236
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