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About 1984

About George Orwell

Orwell's Other Works

Utopias & Dystopias

Rights & Liberties


Media - Control & Content

Language

Parallels to Today

Propaganda

Political "ISMs"









About 1984

"If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever" - p. 277

Reviews of Animal Farm and 1984 from the 1940's from the Guardian http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,980573,00.html

George Orwell and the Last Man in Europe http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture13.html

Orwell and Me by Margaret Atwood http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,978474,00.html

The Hell of 1984 http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/hell1984.htm

Bye-Bye Big Brother http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/bybybb.htm

George Orwell and the Big Cannibal Critics http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/ctc/docs/cancrtcs.htm

How Big Brothers Used Orwell to Fight the Cold War http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/classics/story/0,6000,338261,00.html

Nineteen Eighty-Four: Past, Present and Future RESERVES 823.912 R273n

Twentieth Century Interpretations of 1984: A Collection of Critical Essays RESERVES 823.912 H998T

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About George Orwell

Short Biographies
      http://www.gerenser.com/1984/bio.html
      http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jorwell.htm
      http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell

A Chronology of His Life http://pages.citenet.net/users/charles/col-04.html

George Orwell: A Voice of a Long Generation (BBC) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/art/orwell_01.shtml

An Interview with Christopher Hitchens http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/talkshow/features/christopher-hitchens-transcript.shtml

Orwell's FBI Files http://foia.fbi.gov/orwell/orwell1.pdf

Did Love Turn Orwell into a Government Stooge? http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,982198,00.html

Orwell's Old News is Still News http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/columnist/0,1886,145-195974,00.html

Making Political Writing into an Art http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/whyiwrite.html

"Such, Such Were the Joys" by George Orwell (on his early school days) http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/suchjoys.html

"Why I Write" by George Orwell http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/whyiwrite.html

Online Essays about Orwell and Things Orwellian http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/themes.htm

A Short Biography under "Eric Blair" in Contemporary Authors Vol. 132 REFERENCE 920.C767

Crystal Spirit: A Study of George Orwell RESERVES 823.91208 OR9W

George Orwell: Fugitive from the Camp of Victory RESERVES 828.912 OR9

George Orwell, the Critical Heritage RESERVES 828.91208 OR9M

Outside the Whale: George Orwell's Art and Politics RESERVES 828.912 OR9k

Paradox of George Orwell RESERVES 928.2 OR9

Road to Miniluv: George Orwell, the State and God RESERVES 828.912 SM18R

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Orwell's Other Works

A List of Many of His Writings Available Online http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/index.html

"You and the Atomic Bomb" http://www.blancmange.net/tmh/articles/abombs.html

Orwell and Me by Margaret Atwood http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,978474,00.html

Not All Books are Created Equal: Orwell and His Animals at Fifty http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/notalbks.htm

Online Essays about Orwell and Things Orwellian http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~allport/chestnut/themes.htm

Animal Farm FICTION - ORWELL and RESERVES FICTION - Orwell

Down and Out in Paris and London RESERVES 914.4361 ORWELL

Essays by George Orwell RESERVES 824.912 ORWELL

Homage to Catalonia 946.081 OR9H and SCC 946.081 OR9H

The Road to Wigan Pier RESERVES 305.562 ORWELL

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Utopias & Dystopias

A Select List of Utopias and Dystopias in Literature http://mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11090/305/Accessories/utopiasdystopias.htm

A List of Literary and Cinematic Dystopias http://hem.passagen.se/replikant/dystopia_list.htm

The Virtual Community by Howard Rheingold (a look at utopian online communities) http://www.well.com/user/hlr/vcbook/index.html

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific by Frederick Engels (Long) http://csf.colorado.edu/psn/marx/Archive/1880-SUS/sus1.html

A New View of Society, or, Essays on the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character, and the Application of the Principle to Practice by Robert Owen - 1813 -1816 (Long) http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/%7Eecon/ugcm/3ll3/owen/newview.txt

Utopia as Mirror for a Life and Times (Long) http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/iemls/conf/texts/marius.html

The Rain-Atlantis Project: Studies in Utopian and Peaceful Societies http://www.rain.org/utopia1.html

Utopos Discovered (a Utopian Newsletter) http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/Dept/EN/Utopus/links.html

A Philosophical Exploration of Utopia http://hometown.aol.com/DrHumph/index.html

Brave New World: History, Science and Dystopia RESERVES 823.812 BAKER

Examples of other literary dystopias:

Blade Runner (Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep) by Philip K. Dick SCC 813.54 DICK 1982

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley FICTION - Huxley

Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler FICTION - KOESTLER

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury RESERVES FICTION - BRADBURY

Fahrenheit 451 (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - FAHRENH

The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood SCC 813.54 ATWOOD

The Land of Green Plums by Herta Moller RESERVES Fiction - MULLER

The Lord of the Flies by William Golding FICTION - GOLDING

The Lord of the Flies (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - LORD OF

Metropolis (VIDEO) Circulating Videos - METROPOLIS and Media Services (Library Use Only) MV 1845

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn RESERVES FICTION - SOLZHENITSYN

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Rights & Liberties

"Who controls the past", ran the Party slogan, "controls the future: who controls the present controls the past" - p. 35

The Constitution of the United States http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.overview.html

The Constitution of the United States with Some Notes http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html

The Bill of Rights - A Brief History http://archive.aclu.org/library/pbp9.html

The Human Rights Library http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/

United Nations Agreements on Human Rights http://www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html

The Center for Democracy and Technology http://www.cdt.org/

The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/

Privacy International http://www.privacy.org/pi/

Privacy Rights Clearinghouse http://www.privacyrights.org/

Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction RESERVES 342.73085 Amer

In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU SCC 323.0973 W1541

One Hundred Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature RESERVES 363.31 KAROLID

Secret Trials and Executions: Military Tribunals and the Threat to Democracy RESERVES 341.69 OLSHANS

Silencing Political Dissent: How Post September 11 Anti-Terrorism Measures Threaten our Civil Liberties RESERVES 323.0973 CHANG

Terrorism and the Constitution: Sacrificing Civil Liberties in the Name of National Security RESERVES 363.32 DEMPSEY

The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in the Age of Terrorism RESERVES 323.0973 WAR ON

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Media - Control & Content

" The invention of print, however, made it easier to manipulate public opinion, and the film and the radio carried the process further. With the development of television, and the technical advance which made it possible to receive and transmit simultaneously on the same instrument, private life came to an end". - p. 211

Control -

Corporate Influence in the Media http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Corporations/Owners.asp

Congress Can No Longer Ignore Corporate Control of the Media http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0615-03.htm

Will Big Media Choke the Net? http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,111154,00.asp

A List of Articles about Media Consolidation http://dmoz.org/News/Current_Events/Business_and_Economy/Mergers_and_Monopolies/Media_Consolidation/Analysis_and_Opinion/

Coercion: Why We Listen to What They Say RESERVES 302.23 RUSHKOF

Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality RESERVES 302.23 WEIMANN

Invisible Crisis: What Conglomerate Control of Media Means for America and the World RESERVES 302.23 INVISIB

Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media RESERVES 302.234 HERMAN 2002

Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda RESERVES 320.14 CHOMSKY

Megamedia: How Giant Corporations Dominate Mass Media, Distort Competition, and Endanger Democracy RESERVES 338.8261 ALGER

Screened Out: How the Media Control Us and What We Can Do About It RESERVES 302.23 JOHNSTON

Content -

Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting http://www.fair.org/index.htm

Institute for Public Accuracy http://www.accuracy.org/

Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html

The Memory Hole (definitely interesting, but accurate?) http://www.thememoryhole.org/

Reinventing History: Soviet Era Photographic Purges Sought to Manipulate the Past http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/reinven1.html

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Language

"Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in ones' mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them." - p. 220

"Politics and the English Language" by George Orwell http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm

A Newspeak Dictionary http://www.newspeakdictionary.com/ns-dict.html

"The Inner Party Observer" (read some fictitious news articles written in Newspeak) http://hem.passagen.se/replikant/ingsoc_propaganda.htm

Google News "translated" into Newspeak (for fun) http://dream.sims.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/calvins/goodspeak.py

Tongue of Newt: the Political Power of Language http://reason.com/9902/co.jp.the.shtml

Language - A Key Mechanism of Control http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~breslin/texts/gingrich_GOPAC.html

Language Barriers: Are Universities Becoming Factories of Jargon and Illiteracy? http://www.spectator.co.uk/article.php3?table=old§ion=back&issue=2003-07-05&id=3194&searchText=

Sensitive Language
http://www.randomhouse.com/words/language/avoid_essay.html

http://www.randomhouse.com/words/language/avoid_guide.html

Universalism, Justice, and Identity Politics: From Political Correctness to Constitutional Law (Long Article) http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/identity.htm

A List of Modern Political Words - " Doublespeak" http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Doublespeak

Collateral Language: A Users Guide to America's New War 973.931 COLLATE

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Parallels to Today

"It does not matter whether the war is actually happening, and, since no decisive victory is possible, it does not matter whether the war is going well or badly. All that is needed is that a state of war should exist. The splitting of the intelligence which the Party requires of its members, and which is more easily achieved in an atmosphere of war, is now almost universal, but the higher up the ranks one goes, the more marked it becomes". - p. 197

Orwell Was Wrong, but on the Right Track http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?storyID=3508755&thesection=news&thesubsection=dialogue

Learning to Love Big Brother: George W. Bush Channels George Orwell http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/07/28/IN244190.DTL

White House Covers Tracks by Removing Information
http://www.misleader.org/daily_mislead/Read.asp?fn=df12182003.html

We Need a Multipolar World, Russian, Chinese Leaders Say http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewForeignBureaus.asp?Page=/ForeignBureaus/archive/200305/FOR20030528b.html

A List of Modern Political Words - " Doublespeak" http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Doublespeak

Secret Trials and Executions: Military Tribunals and the Threat to Democracy RESERVES 341.69 OLSHANS

Silencing Political Dissent: How Post September 11 Anti-Terrorism Measures Threaten our Civil Liberties RESERVES 323.0973 CHANG

Privacy and Surveillance -

Privacy and Technology http://www.aclu.org/Privacy/PrivacyMain.cfm

Government Surveillance http://www.cdt.org/wiretap/

Security and Privacy: Response to September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks http://www.cdt.org/security/010911response.shtml

Bigger Monster Weaker Chains: The Growth of the American Surveillance Society http://www.aclu.org/Privacy/Privacy.cfm?ID=11573&c=39

The State of Civil Liberties One Year Later: Erosion of Civil Liberties in the Post 9/11 Era http://www.ccr-ny.org/v2/reports/docs/Civil_Liberities.pdf

Extent of UK Snooping Revealed http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3030851.stm

EFF Analysis of the Provisions of the Patriot Act That Relate to Online Activities http://www.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/Terrorism_militias/20011031_eff_usa_patriot_analysis.php

Pentagon to Track American Consumer Purchases http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,70992,00.html

Wireless Cameras Raise Privacy Fears http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993725

A Spy Machine of DARPA's Dreams http://www.wired.com/news/business/0%2C1367%2C58909%2C00.html

Public Video Surveillance: Is it an Effective Crime Prevention Tool? http://www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/

Patriot Act I (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=12126&c=207

An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=11835&c=206

An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/patriot2.html

Database Nation: The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century RESERVES 323.448 GARFINK

The Electronic Privacy Papers: Documents on the Battle for Privacy in the Age of Surveillance RESERVES 323.448 ELECTRO

The Limits of Privacy RESERVES 323.448 ETIZIONI

Thought Crimes -

Britons Face Extradition for "Thought Crime" on the Net http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/02/18/nxeno18.xml&sSheet=/news/2003/02/18/ixnewstop.html

Internet Hate Speech Ban Called Chilling http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,107499,00.asp

War on Terror -

The Disinformation Campaign: Western Media Follow a Depressingly Familiar Formula When it Comes to a National Conflict http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4270014,00.html

Line up, Shut up, and Pay the Bills: The Role of Citizens in Perpetual Wartime? http://www.tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/6597

Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html

Homeland Security Actions http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/

Ashcroft Calls Patriot Act "Key Weapon" on Fighting Terrorism http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/texts/03060500.htm

Patriot Act I (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=12126&c=207

An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (ACLU) http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=11835&c=206

An Analysis of the Patriot Act II (EPIC) http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/patriot2.html

The "Perpetual War Portfolio" (Thought Provoking) http://www.rationalenquirer.org/features/portfolio//

The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in the Age of Terrorism RESERVES 323.0973 WAR ON

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Propaganda

" History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right. I know, of course, that he past is falsified, but it would never be possible for me to prove it, even when I did the falsification myself". - p. 158

Propaganda - a Good General Overview http://www.propagandacritic.com/

War, Propaganda and the Media http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Military.asp

Disinfopedia: The Encyclopedia of Propaganda http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml

Institute for Public Accuracy http://www.accuracy.org/

FAIR: Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting http://www.fair.org/

How Big Brothers Used Orwell to Fight the Cold War http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/classics/story/0,6000,338261,00.html

Propaganda Postcards from the Great War http://www.ww1-propaganda-cards.com/

U.S. Posters from World War II http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/

Nazi and East German Propaganda http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/

Reinventing History: Soviet-Era Photographic Purges Sought to Manipulate the Past http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/reinven1.html

The Soviet Propaganda Machine (PBS) http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/prop/

Several Links to Soviet Posters
      http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~vbonnell/posters.htm

      http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/lirsk/plakate.htm

      http://www.funet.fi/pub/culture/russian/html_pages/posters1.html

      http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.html

      http://www.internationalposter.com/ru-text.cfm

Cuban Posters http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/cubintro.html

Chinese Posters
      http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/chnintro.html

      http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/

Propaganda Gallery (Short Video Clips) http://carmen.artsci.washington.edu/propaganda/video/index.html

The Disinformation Campaign: Western Media Follow a Depressingly Familiar Formula When it Comes to a National Conflict http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4270014,00.html

Propaganda, American Style by Noam Chomsky http://www.zpub.com/un/chomsky.html

Fight the Matrix: Distorted Intelligence on Iraq is Part of an Orwellian World of Fabricated Reality http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/politicsphilosophyandsociety/story/0,6000,970572,00.html

Apparatus of Lies: Saddam's Disinformation and Propaganda 1990 - 2003 http://www.whitehouse.gov/ogc/apparatus/

U.S. Central Command Press Releases http://www.centcom.mil/

U.S. Military Leaflets from the Second Gulf War http://www.centcom.mil/galleries/leaflets/showleaflets.asp

Propaganda Remix Project (Plus ça change...) http://homepage.mac.com/leperous/PhotoAlbum1.html

Coercion: Why We Listen to What They Say RESERVES 302.23 RUSHKOF

Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality RESERVES 302.23 WEIMANN

The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in Stalin's Russia RESERVES 303.376 KING

Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda RESERVES 303.375 CHOMSKY

Literature and Propaganda SCC 801 FOULKES 1983

Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda RESERVES 320.14 CHOMSKY

Propaganda and Persuasion RESERVES 303.375 J833p

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Political "ISMs"

" In a way, the world-view of the Party imposed itself most successfully on people incapable of understanding it. They could be made to accept the most flagrant violations of reality, because they never fully grasped the enormity of what was demanded of them, and were not sufficiently interested in public events to notice what was happening. By lack of understanding they remained sane" - p. 159

Fascism -

Definition of Fascism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism

Fascism in Europe http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook42.html

What is Fascism? by Benito Mussolini http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html

Italian Life Under Fascism http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/dpf/Fascism/

Fascism in Italy http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/fascism/fascihtm.htm

Fascism: Pat, Present, Future RESERVES 320.533 LAQUER

History of Fascism, 1914 - 1945 SCC 320.533 PAYNE

The Place of Fascism in European History 320.523 Ae52p

Communism -

Definition of Communism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism

Manifesto of the Communist Party http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm

Marxist Internet Archive http://www.marxists.org/

The Communist Party of the USA http://www.cpusa.org/

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression RESERVES 320.532 BLACKB

Harold J. Laski on the Communist Manifesto: An Introduction together with the Original Text and Prefaces RESERVES 335.42 L335

God that Failed RESERVES 320.5322 GODTHA

Totalitarianism -

Introduction to Totalitarianism http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv4-54

Definitions of Totalitarianism
      http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism

      http://www.bartleby.com/65/to/totalita.html

Characteristics of Totalitarianism http://plato.newarka.edu/~labbey/ap_total_charac.html

The Age of Totalitarianism: Stalin and Hitler http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture10.html

Totalitarianism: the Inversion of Politics (a Discussion of Hannah Arendt's "The Origins of Totalitarianism") http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/arendthtml/essayb1.html

Escape from Freedom RESERVES 323.4 F927ES

Socialism -

Definition of Socialism http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism

History and Theories of Socialism http://business.baylor.edu/Steve_Gardner/CESCH04.HTM

Socialism http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook33.html

The People Behind the Various Socialist Movements http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/socialism.htm

Why Socialism? by Albert Einstein http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm

World Socialist Movement http://www.worldsocialism.org/

The Socialist Party of Great Britain http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/

Socialist Party of the USA http://sp-usa.org/

Market Socialism: The Current Debate 338.9 MARKET

On Socialism by John Stuart Mill SCC 335.1 MILL 1987

Capitalism -

Definitions of Capitalism
      http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CAPITAL.HTM

      http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism

The Rise of Capitalism http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/capitalism.html

History and Theories of Capitalism http://business.baylor.edu/Steve_Gardner/CESCH03.HTM

The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/WEALTH1.HTM

Capitalism RESERVES 330.122 Se48c

Inequalities in the Global Village: Recycled Rhetoric and Disposable People 339.2 BLACK

Introduction to the Market System SCC 330.122 GOLDBER 2000

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"The terrible thing that the Party had done was to persuade you that mere impulses, mere feelings, were of no account, while at the same time robbing you of all power over the material world. When once you were in the grip of the Party, what you felt or did not feel, what you did or refrained from doing, made literally no difference. Whatever happened you vanished, and neither you nor your actions were ever heard of again." - p. 168

All quotes from 1984 by George Orwell, Plume - Harcourt Brace, 2003. ISBN 0452284236


Web page created by Robert Schroeder, Reference Librarian at Spokane Falls Community College
Last updated August 2003